References for Napoleons Campaign in Egyptian and Holy Land:
Every source listed with * in the Reference is in my personal library.


Books on Napoleon’s Campaign in Egyptian and Holy Land:
* Napoleons Egyptian Campaigns 1798-1801, MAA 79, Michael Barthorp, Osprey Pub. Ltd. 1978, ISBN 0-85045-126-4

* French Soldiers in Egypt 1798-1801, Warrior 77, Terry Crowdy, Osprey Pub. Ltd. 2003, Terry Crowdy, ISBN 1-84176-628-3

* Bonapart in Egypt, J. Christopher Herald, 1962

* Uniforms of the French Revolutionary Wars 1789-1802, Phillip J. Haythornthwaite, Blanford Press 1981 ISBN 0-4137-0936-7

* Napoleonic Uniforms Vol. 1, John R. Elting, Macmillan Pub. Co.1993, ISBN 0-02-897115-9

* The Ottoman Empire and the Napoleonic Wars 1792-1815, William E. Johnson, Nelson Enterprises 1988.

* The Crescent Among the Eagles, Johnson, William E., Nafziger Press, 1994. ISBN: 1585450065

* Armies of the Ottoman Empire 1775-1820, MAA 314, David Nicolle, Osprey Pub. Ltd. 1998, ISBN1-85532-697-3

* The Campaigns of Napoleon, David Chandler, MacMillian Pub. Co. 1966, ISBN 0-02-523660-1

* Memoirs of Napoleons Egyptian Expedition 1798-1801, Captain Joseph-Marie Moiret, Greenhill Press, ISBN 1-85367-449-4

* Napoleon In The Holy Land, by Nathan Schur, Greenhill Books March 17, 2006, ISBN-10: 1853673455, ISBN-13:1853673450

* Napoleon's Regiments: Battle Histories of the Regiments of the French Army, 1792-1815, Digby George Smith, Greenhill Books, (October 2000), ISBN-10:1853674133, ISBN-13:978-1853674136

* The Blue Nile, Alan Moorhead, Perennial 2000, ISBN 0-06-095640-2

* Guns in the Desert, General Jean-Pierre Doguereau”s, Praeger 2002, ISBN 0-313-32-32512-X

* The French Expedition to Egypt, M.J. Miot, Worly Pub. 1997, ISBN 1-869804-47-3

* Armies of the Napoleonic Era, Otto Von Pivka, Taplinger Pub. Co. INC, 1979, ISBN 0-8008-5471-3

* Napoleon’s Mercenaries, Guy C. Dempsey, Greenhill Press 2002, ISBN 1-85367-488-5

* Le Armee Francaise, ETV Services 1998, On Military Matters http://www.onmilitarymatters.com/

* Journal of the Late Campaign in Egypt by Thomas Walsh, 1803 (Republished by Gregg International Pub. Ltd Westmead 1972 ISBN 0576 171115

* The French Expedition into Syria 1799 by General Berthier, Worley Pub. 1990 by ISBN 1-869804-18-X

* Mirage: Napoleon's Scientists and the Unveiling of Egypt, Nina Burleigh, July 2006, Pub.: Morrow/Avon, William Morrow & Company, ISBN: 0-06-059767-4

* Napoleon in Egypt, Abd al-Rahman al- Jabarti, Markus Wiener Pub., ISBN 1-55876-338-4 (hard cover) ISBN 1-55876-337-6 (paperback)

* Napoleon's Egypt: Invading the Middle East, Juan Cole, Palgrave Macmillan, (August 7, 2007), ISBN-10: 1403964319, ISBN-13: 978-1403964311

* NAPOLEON'S CAMPAIGN IN EGYPT (Vol 1) French Armies, Grant, C. S. Partizan Press, 2006, ISBN: 978-1-8581818-524-8

* NAPOLEON'S CAMPAIGN IN EGYPT (Vol 2) BRITISH & ALLIES, Grant, C. S., Partizan Press, 2007, ISBN: 978-1-8581818-552-1

*The Battle of The Nile, Oliver Warner, Macmillan co.1960, ASIN: B0000CKTIR\

* Abercrombie and Moore in Egypt, First Empire Publishing 2004, ISBN: 0952630435

* Narrative of the British Expedition to Egypt: Carefully Abridged from the … by Sir Robert Thomas Wilson. 1803: http://books.google.com/books?id=7XI_ki1ORTMC&

* State of Egypt, After the Battle of Heliopolis, Reynier, G and J Robinson 1802, http://books.google.com/books?id=um4MAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA290&dq=lagrange+Rahmanieh&lr=#PPA277,M1
* Ottoman Wars: An Empire Besieged, Virginia Aksan, Longman Publishing June 2007, ISBN-10: 0582308070, ISBN-13: 978-0582308077

* A Short History of the Naval and Military Operations in Egypt, 1780 to 1802", Lt.Col. Sir John M. Burgoyne L'Expédition d 'Égypte 1798-1801, par Clément de la Jonquière 1899, ISBN-10: 1421245043, ISBN-13: 978-1421245041 http://books.google.com/books?id=EnYIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sir+john+montagu+burgoyne&lr=&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=0_2
* Memoir of a campaign with the Ottoman army in Egypt, from February to July 1800, John Philip Morier, Published by Printed for J. Debrett, 1801, Original from Oxford University, Digitized Nov 9, 2007 http://books.google.com/books?id=tEgOAAAAQAAJ

* The Discovery of Egypt: Vivant Denon's Travels with Napoleon's Army, Terence M. Russell, March 2006, Publisher: Sutton Pub., Limited, ISBN: 0-7509-4145-6

* The Importance of Malta Considered, in the Years 1796 and 1798, Mark Wood, Published by J. Stockdale, 1803, Oxford University, Digitized Oct 1, 2007, http://books.google.com/books?id=A8sNAAAAQAAJ

* Mirage: Napoleon's Scientists and the Unveiling of Egypt, Nina Burleigh, Harper (November 27, 2007), ISBN-10: 0060597674, ISBN-13: 978-0060597672,

* History French occupation, 1798-1801 Sources, Skakowski, A. M. (Adam Mieczysaw), 1877-1951; Zajaczek, Józef, 1752-1826, Cracovie : G. Gebethner,
http://www.archive.org/details/lespolonaisenegy00skakuoft

* Guerre d'Orient: Campagnes de Égypte et de Syrie, 1798-1799. Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Napoléon, dictés par lui-mème à Sainte-Hélène, et publiés par le général Bertrand, Volume 1, Bertrand, Henri-Gratien, comte, 1773-1844, Comon 1847, http://www.archive.org/details/guerredorientcam01napouoft

* Guerre d'Orient: Campagnes de Égypte et de Syrie, 1798-1799. Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Napoléon, dictés par lui-mème à Sainte-Hélène, et publiés par le général Bertrand. Volume 2, Bertrand, Henri-Gratien, comte, 1773-1844, Comon 1847, http://www.archive.org/details/guerredorientcam02napouoft

* Final French struggles in India and on the Indian seas : including an account of the capture of the Isles of France and ... ; with an appendix containing an account of the expedition from India to Egypt in 1801, Malleson, G. B. (George Bruce), 1825-1898, London : W.H. Allen.
http://www.archive.org/details/finalfrenchstrug00mallrich

* Histoire de l'expédition d'Egypte et de Syri, By Jean-Joseph A. Dupont et Cie, 1826 http://books.google.com/books?id=4ksQAAAAYAAJ

* Napoleon in Egypt, Paul Strathem, Bantam October 21, 2008, ISBN-10: 0553806785, ISBN-13: 978-0553806786, ISBN 0-86372-299-7, ISBN-10: 0863722997, ISBN-13: 978-0863722998

Relation des campagnes du Général Bonaparte en Egypte et en Syrie, Berthier, Louis-Alexandre, 1753-1815, Milan Impr. Rue Neuve, http://www.archive.org/details/relationdescampa00bertuoft

Poesie der Kreigskunst: Oder, Feldzug der Franzosen in Egypten in den Jahren …. 1824: http://books.google.com/books?id=_KkWZkqKD6wC

Guerre d'Orient. Campagnes d'égypte et de Syrie, 1798-1799: Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Napoléon, dictés par lui-même à Sainte-Hélène, et publiés par le général Bertrand. Tome 1 by Napoléon Bonaparte ISBN-10: 1421239108, ISBN-13: 978-1421239101, ISBN-13: 978-0543948502

Mémoires sur L'expédition d'Egypte, par Jean-Gabriel de Niello Sargy, Officier de Correspondance, attaché a l'état-major general, P. Belfond (1984), ISBN-10: 2714416837, ISBN-13: 978-2714416834

Le Directoire et l'expédition d'Égypte: étude sur les tentatives du Directoire pour communiquer avec Bonaparte, le secourir et le ramener - Alfred Boulay de la Meurthe 1885, http://www.google.com/books?source=gbs_search_s&cad=1&lr=&as_brr=1&id=M6gNAAAAIAAJ

Biographie maritime: ou, Notices historiques sur la vie et les campagnes des marins célèbres français et étrangers, By Joseph François Gabriel Hennequin, Published by Regnault, 1837,
http://www.google.com/books?id=RJMqiukfTToC&lr=&as_brr=1&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0



Web sites with info:
The Napoleon Series: http://www.napoleon-series.org/

Histofig: http://www.histofig.com/history/empire/index.html

Napoleon.org: http://www.napoeon.org/

French Occupation Period: http://www.touregypt.net/hfrench.htm

Museum des ancient costumes Turks of Istanbul.: http://www.bleublancturc.com/illustrations/costumes_turcs_brindesi.htm
Description de l'Égypte, http://descegy.bibalex.org/

Funcken, Les armes et uniformes de la période révolutionnaire jusqu'au Consulat (1788 - 1804)
http://darnault-mil.com/Galerie/Rev_Cons.php

The Sultan's Big Guns, by William Johnson. http://magweb.n1uro.com/sample/sdra/sdr12gun.htm

Ottoman Gun Sizes. http://magweb.n1uro.com/sample/sdra/sdr12gsi.htm

PAINTING HIGHLANDERS TARTANS. http://www.angelfire.com/tx/ToySoldier/tartan.htm

Medicine in Egypt at the time of Napoleon Bonaparte. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/327/7429/1461





Flags and Standards:
Warflags: France, Great Briton. http://www.warflag.com/

Napflags: France, Great Briton. http://www.warflag.com/napflags/index.htm

Histofig: Ottoman. http://www.histofig.com/history/empire/index.html

French Flags: Free Flags. http://www.drapeaux.org/Accueil.htm
Military Flags of the World 1618-1900, Terence Wise Blandford Press 1977, ISBN 0-7137-0824-7

Drapeaux of the French Army Line & Light Infantry, 1794-1804 http://tmg110.tripod.com/frarmy4.htm




Magazine Articles:
* Napoleon in Egypt, By Melanie Sue Byrd, Napoleon Magazine # 13.

* Napoleon in Syria, By John Dunn, Napoleon Magazine # 15.

* Napoleon & the French in Egypt, By Coley E. Cowan, Command Magazine Issue 52

* Battle of the Pyramids, by John Dellinger, Military History Magazine, April 1998.

* Napoleon Saves the Day at Mount Tabor, By James W. Shosenberg, Military History Magazine, April 1999.

* Final French Triumph in Egypt, By Eric Niderost, Military History Magazine, August 1999.

* Striking at Britain Indirectly through an Expedition to Egypt, Introductory Guide the Age of Napoleon.

* Ottoman Empire, by John Dunn, Introductory Guide the Age of Napoleon.

* The French Campaign in Egypt, 1798-1801, Part I, Stephen Ede-Borrett, Wargames Illustrated #34, July 1990.

* The French Campaign in Egypt, 1798-1801, Part II, Stephen Ede-Borrett, Wargames Illustrated #35 August 1990.

* The French Campaign in Egypt, 1798-1801, Part III, Stephen Ede-Borrett, Wargames Illustrated #36, September 1990.

*The British Army in Egypt, Stephen Ede-Borrett, Wargames Illustrated #42, March 1991.

* An Egyptian Episode, Arthur Harman, Miniature Wargames #68, January 1989.

* The Campaign on the Nile 1798-1799, Richard Gilby, Miniature Wargames #75, August, 1989.

* Death on the Nile, Part I, Gary Hughes, Wargames Illustrated #113, February 1997.

* Death on the Nile, Part II, Gary Hughes, Wargames Illustrated #115, April 1997.

* Death on the Nile, Part I, Gary Hughes, Wargames Illustrated #118, July 1997.

* Napoleon In Egypt, Dave Watson, Wargames Illustrated #249, July 2008.

* The Battle of Aboukir 1799, Mark Bevis, Miniature Wargames #144, March 1995.

* Middle East Disaster, The Battle of El Hamad, Egypt, April 21st 1807, Miniature Wargames #173, October 1997.

Wargaming Napoleon’s Campaigns in Egypt and the Holy Land.
By Robert A. Henry

When I first started Wargaming in December of 1973, one of the first Armies I saw and fell in love with was Napoleons Army of the Orient.

This was at Scruby Miniatures in Goshen, California. Many years later, after painting and building wargame armies from Ancients to present day, from 6mm to 25mm, I finally got around to building Napoleons Army of the Orient for myself, not to mention all of the opposing armies it fought.

The campaign began on the 2nd of July 1798. General Bonaparte disembarked a sizeable portion of his famed Army of Italy near Alexandria, Egypt. And three years and one month later the remnant of this French force surrendered to a combined British and Ottoman Army, and the campaign was over.

During this time there were fought some interesting battles and campaigns, and in fact, this period might be called the first “Colonial Expansion Action” in the history of Africa where white men attempted to take over a native empire. Acutely, Napoleon originally felt the conquest of Egypt might lead to the ultimate conquest of India (after the surrender of the Ottoman Empire), which in turn would upset Great Britain so badly that she would leave Revolutionary France to settle affairs with the other European powers.

Strangely enough after Nelson destroyed the French fleet in August 1798 and marooned the French army in Egypt, the British government did not bother or worry about the French army until early 1801. So it is doubtful if Napoleon’s strategy had any effect on the European conflict. Notwithstanding this, the Egyptian and Holy Land campaign leads itself to the wargame table, for during this period the French fought against Mamelukes, Egyptians, Turks, Syrians, Albanians, Arabs, British and Indian troops in one of the most colorful and exciting episodes of “forgotten” campaigns.

This blog will give you information for building the armies of the nations involved and what figures to use as well as a uniform guide for these armies. When I started this project gaming Napoleons Egyptian and Holy Land Campaigns, I had know idea where it would lead, or how much information there was until I started digging. This campaign is not as well covered as later campaigns of Napoleon. But if you dig deep enough the information is out there. I hope the following descriptions will help all those that want to wargame this period.